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How To Use Layering, Pack Light And Still Beat The Cold

 

 

Introduction

"How many woolens should I pack for the trek ? " is a question I am asked frequently and my first answer to this question always brings up new expressions each time !! :-)

"Carry No Woolens At All"  is the first answer I always give.. Before going into the details, let me go back to the Physics of our junior school and dig out reasoning question which we all took may be in class 8 or 9.

 

Why covering yourself with 2 thin blanket taken one over other is warmer than 1 thick blanket of combined size of 2 ?

The answer to the question is " ... because when 2 thin blankets are taken over each other, it traps a layer of air in between them. Air is a good insulator and hence it retains the heat generated by your body, keeping you warmer as compared to the thick blanket. "

Full Marks !!  

 


 

Navigate To:

 

 


 

Layering Of Clothes - The Concept

Layering of clothes is a concept of putting on clothes on top of one another, to build a better insulation system, which shields away the cold by retaining the heat generated by your body. More the number of layers, more the warmth. It is a clothing strategy built on the fact that air is a good insulator. It is a technique used to keep yourself warm with minimum and light weight clothing while involving in an outdoor activity in a cold environment.

 


 

How Does Layering Work

Our body generates heat and in a cold environment, we are kept warm by how much heat our body generates and how well we retain it using our  clothing strategy. The sleeping bags which we use on treks are built using the concept of layering to keep us warm. ( explaining the layering material used in a sleeping bag is not under the scope of this article )

Having said the above, its very important to understand that clothes do not generate heat. Its the retention of heat generated by our body, which keeps us warm.

Remember - each one of are different and have different capabilities of body heat generation. This means that we all might have a differently optimized layering strategies.  However, the heat generating capability of a body is usually similar for similar aged group. As we get older, the heat generating capability decreases and therefore the same layers which was proved to be good for a man of age 30 might not be ideal for a man of age 50. He might need some extra layers.

Keeping the concept in mind, the layers which we use can be divided into 3 different categories - The Base Layer, Mid Layers and finally The Outer Layer

 


 

The Base Layer - The Most Important Layer

  • This is the first layer which contacts the body.
  • When you are involved in an activity, your body generates more heat as compared to being ideal. With that, you also sweat a lot.
  • Since it a base layer, its not possible to remove it easily. You will have to remove all the layers on top of it to change your base layers. So better choose a perfect base layer.

So what is a perfect base layer? Below are the points to remember when selecting your base layer.

  1. It has to be breathable, else you feel restricted, uncomfortable and you will sweat more.
  2. It has to disperse the sweat generated by your body, else you will loose lot of body heat to keep yourself warm
  3. It has to be odour free, else you will increase chances of bacterial growth and also create problems for your mates
  4. It has to be smooth for your skin, as you will pile on layers over it, else it will itch when more heat is generated by the body
  5. Always carry a replacement pair
  6. Select a material which if wet, dries quick

Below is a product which we chose from Decathlon, and which I use in myself. The benefits of using it are light weight, compactness and breathable.

base layer upper base layer lower

Base Layer Upper: https://www.decathlon.in/hiking/warm-wear/thermal-layers/flowfit-top-man/p-M8227800

Base Layer Lower: https://www.decathlon.in/hiking/warm-wear/thermal-layers/flowfit-pant-men/p-M8227809

 

**  IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO KEEP YOUR BASE LAYER DRY. IF ON REACHING CAMP YOU REALIZE THAT YOUR BASE LAYER IS WET, CHANGE IT IMMEDIATELY. IMPROPER SELECTION OF UPPER LAYERS CAN MAKE YOUR BASE LAYER WET.

 

 


 

The Mid Layers

  • These are the layer which go on top of the base layers and adds on the insulation by trapping air in between them.
  • This is the layer which is actually responsible for keeping you warm.
  • You can have multiple layers but its better you DO NOT take the count to over 3 as that starts to feel restricted.
  • Keep the layer clothes light, breathable and dry fit to keep dispersing the moisture away
  • Dry-Fit Tees and Fleece is the best second or sometimes third upper layer as it is light and a very good insulator material.
  • Always add one fleece to your packing.
  • If you are trekking in winters, or to higher altitude where you expect morw cold, add Down Jackets to your mid layer.
  • Down jackets are light and warm, and comes in various quality, warmth and thickness.  
  • Remember that socks act as a layer for your feet. You may use woolen knee length socks as layers for your feet.
  • Increasing the number of layers in lower body is not a good idea as you move your legs the most, and it gets warm easier. Just keep your feet warm and comfortable. 
  • A simple multi-pocket hiking pants are the best for your lower body as a mid layer.

midlayer dry fit tee shirt midlayer fleece  

high knee length socks trekking trouser

 


 

The Outer Layer

  • Its the layer which faces the elements of the environment, like wind, rain, snow, etc
  • Its the layer which protects your inner layer form the elements of environment
  • This layer is the easiest to change and is actually the most changed layer depending on the weather
  • It is important that this layer is breathable as well, as much as possible
  • Breathable water-proof layers are very expensive, so mostly you get unbreathable water proof material.
  • Water proof  material are wind proof as well
  • Wind proof material may be water proof or water resistant
  • Water resistant means that it will repell water upto an extent, but if you expose it in water for longer time, it will get wet.
  • Mostly you will find these outer layers with zippers to enable air flow, usually on chest, arms, sides, back, and thighs
  • So depending on weather, you might need to carry multiple outer layers, like wind proof, rain proof, etc
  • GORE-TEX is the best choice for your outer layer owing to its multiple qualities

 

What is GORE-TEX 

A simple google search to the above question will give you the answer - "a synthetic waterproof fabric permeable to air and water vapour, used in outdoor and sports clothing."

but it is much more than that.

In generic, the basic Gore-TEX  product always has the below qualities 

  1. Waterproof
  2. Breathable
  3. Windproof
  4. Durable

There are other advanced variants of GORE-TEX which are further better. GORE_TEX ACTIVE SHELL and GORE-TEX PRO. These are further more breathable and durable.

For your further research follow the link https://www.gore-tex.com/products/outerwear/?

There are other brands which sell the GORE-TEX products including shoes.

 

outer layer jacket outer layer lower

 

 

 


 

Hybrid Layers

These days there are hybrid layers in the market which has a outer water proof layer with zippers for wind flow and fleece inners. The inner and outer are separable and are kept in together with zips. My take on it is it makes things complex. A separate fleece jacket and outer wind proof jackets gives much required flexibility to me, and mountain demands remaining flexible.

 

 


 

Most Important Points To Protect Against Cold

  1. Your Ears, Feet and Palm are the part of the body which is kept warm, you feel warm. Take care of keeping those warm
  2. Protect your forehead, skull and throat from cold. Use a fleece beanie
  3. Keep the above mentioned layering and its points in mind
  4. Always change to dry woolen socks on reaching the camp
  5. Fill your bottle with hot water and take it inside your sleeping bag
  6. Never ever put your warmest combination at the beginning. Keep it for the worst.
  7. Expose yourself little and slowly to the weather. Let it understand where it is and allow it to  adapt to the cold. It does in couple of days, only if you are not too overprotective about it.
  8.  Never be on wet clothes for a long time. Change to dry cloth immediately
  9. Keep keeping your things dry in your mind while packing
  10. Always try to presume the worst scenario and prepare for it. Rest is take care of by itself in the process.
  11. Check your tents. It has to be better insulated,.
  12. Use fleece sleeping bag liners as a layer for the sleeping bag.
  13. Always buy proper gears for the sport. For example - keep your mufflers away and get a beanie or a buff !!
  14. While purchasing, always consider WEIGHT TO WARMTH RATIO

 


 

Disclaimers

*** The products shown are just samples and no commercial intent is there behind the product selection

*** We have chosen Decathlon products because its widely used store in India.

*** The author has just shared his experience of the field

 

 
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View User Profile for Suman

Every day I keep learning new things, but as of now, I think I can describe myself as a Loyal Himalayan Lover, Avid Trekker, Student Of Mountaineering, Amateur Photographer and an Enthusiastic Anthropologist. I am a Computer Science Engineer by education and previously worked as a Software Developer for premium IT companies. However, I quit the luxury of a high-earning corporate job and left behind the herd to walk towards the spiritual path laid down by the Godly Himalayas. At the age of 27 with no savings at all and being the only son from a lower-middle-class family, it was too young to fight against the family who in turn had to fight against the rules laid down by society. However, with my determination and perseverance, everything became smooth by passing time.

It wasn't easy for me as I learnt the hard way from mistakes - my own and by observing others. I fought 2 major road accidents that broke my right tibia and femur. I underwent 7 surgeries that kept me away from the mountains, but I patiently fought them all to get back to trekking again in the Himalayas with rods and plates in my bones. Despite doctors saying I cannot walk properly ever again to getting back to trekking on the difficult routes again, Life made me understand very clearly what it wants out of me in this World. It wants me to serve the Himalayas and its community, live a peaceful, content and simple life. That's what I have dedicated my this life to. I am not religious, but spiritual. The Himalayas define my road.

The Himalayas today is spammed by mushrooming trek agencies and big companies who take pride in being India's Largest, biggest, oldest, etc. They are exploiting everything for the sake of profit. It is in dire need of regulation by credible Government authorities, Sustainable Tourism Practices needs to be forced upon every organisation, Small Group Sizes needs to be mandated, Fixed camping should be restricted in alpine zones and Negative Ecological Impact Trekking Protocols should be laid down immediately by governing bodies. With all these objectives, I founded Himalayan High in the year 2015. Learn more about Himalayan High on About Himalayan High

Posted by Suman Chowdhury Wednesday, March 23, 2016 7:27:00 AM

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Making Life Extra-Adventurous, We Create Experiences For Our Living

We are Incredible India and Indian Mountaineering Foundation approved proficient adventure tour operator and mountaineering experts serving exclusively in the Himalayas of India, Nepal, and Bhutan. We operate in the altitude range from 4000 to 7500 meters and support mountaineers from all around the globe, and of all grade in achieving their dream.

We pledge to realize our client''s mountain goals by all means and effort. From the moment you start communicating with us, we start building your experience right away by crafting an authentic, raw and immersive travel experiences in the Himalayan, blending uncompromized safety standards with deeper knowledge of the terrain, locality, sprituality, and professional skills which have been roughened and shaped by loads of successes and failures in the Himalayas. We maintain a harmonious balance between luxury and comfort on the treks, Our entire team from top to bottom, is very friendly, highly flexible, and, most importantly are genuinely committed towards your goals and will leave no stones unturned to realize the success on the summit.

Since our inception, we have been devotionally committed to responsible tourism with strict adherence to eco-friendly and low-impact trekking practices. While there are a lot of companies boasting of being the largest, crowdiest, cheapest or oldest in the Country, we in Himalayan High take immense pride in being one of the smallest, yet the strongest and most trustworthy service provider in the Indian Himalayas. Our professionalism, mountaineering expertise, morality, work ethics and business conduct talk for itself as we are a growing business without putting any effort towards glamorous marketting because thats not where our audiences are, and thats not what our clients seek as well!

Our pioneering SMALL GROUP Policy, coupled with a trekker to guide ratio of 1:2, provides us unparalleled flexibility and strength which stands as the bedrock of our exceptional success on the summits in the field of mountaineering. With us, you are in the absolute right hands to build your experience. Its not just because we are professionals doing our duty, but because most of our initial efforts are put towards understanding you and your requirements first, and not to draw you towards a rigid travel plan and ride you through. Our reviews boasts of the same.

Come, join us to gift yourself a life-changing experience in the mighty Himalayas. We believe, if a person is not changed from inside after visiting the Himalayas, he actually didn't visit at all!

Atithi Devo Bhava!

We are proudly recognized by

adventure Tour operator association of india recognition incredible india recognition indian mountaineering foundation recognition west bengal tourism development recognition

Our Minimum Guaranteed Promises And Unique Value Proposition

Commitment Towards Exceeding Expectations, Satisfied Customers and Happy Ecology

  • Objective Oriented - Safety First

    With an unwavering focus on the objectives of the trek, we plan the best for summit success while always prioritizing safety, and have a proven track record of keeping our this promise intact right from inception till date

  • Intimate & Immersive Journeys

    Committed to organizing lesser-done, un-crowded, less than 10 members trekking groups, ensuring an intimate and immersive trekking experience. Personalized plan make our treks dynamic, flexible, and successful

  • Professionals On The Job

    Our highly trained leaders are sons of the land and are professionals at their job. They possess extensive Himalayan experience and expertise, prioritizing trail safety and adeptly managing diverse trekking scenarios

  • Expert High Altitude Care

    Our high altitude expertise ensure impeccable medical safety, resulting in zero injuries or fatalities in our expedition history right from inception, reflecting our knowledge & commitment to a set protocols, alertness, and mountain discipline.

  • Superior Sleep Comfort

    We arrange a cozy camping experience with double foam waterproof mattresses, down sleeping bag inners, sub-zero outer sleeping bags, air pillows, and double-layered all-weather tents for superior insulation and comfort during your trek

  • Eco-friendly Hygienic Toilets

    We prioritize eco-friendly, hygienic camp toilets, minimizing environmental impact and prioritizing trekker comfort and well-being. Our human waste management in the Himalayas ensures a leave-no-trace approach strengthening sustainibility

  • Tailored & Flexible Arrangements

    Our team is dedicated to meeting your unique and demanding requirements, offering flexibility, customization, and personalization throughout the journey ensuring creation of lifelong memories and friendly bond

  • Hygienic Dining & High Altitude Menu

    Enjoy a cozy dining experience in our mess tent, furnished with camping tables, stools, solar lanterns and buffet meals perfectly suited for high altitudes. Indulge in a variety of local delicacies and comforting meals that are easily digestible, fulfilling, and energizing

  • Unmedicated Natural Acclimatization

    We focus only on natural acclimatization for success on the mountains and our belief in our bodily capacities has given us tremendous success. Disregarding means of chemical acclimatization with use of diamox and other shortcut medicines, we rather take pride in achieving success in the purest form

  • Safe Water - Safe Trek

    We take enough caution to prioritize your health by serving natural stream water that is filtered, boiled, and treated with water purifiers before it is provided to you. We also suggest our clients take double precautions at their end too, answering our diverse sensitivity to the water

  • Best Guide-to-Trekker Ratio 1:2

    We provide the industry's best guide-to-trekker ratio of 1:2 for all semi-technical and technical climbs, ensuring personalized attention and support throughout your journey. This results in exceptional trial support and response to emergencies or crisis situations

  • Emmergency & Rescue Planning

    We take a lot of care for managing emergencies and evacuation on the trek and take all required steps firstly to prevent, and then to respond to it on uneventful situations. Small things like taking extra resources, monitoring daily health, etc are a part of it.

  • Leave No Trace Policy

    We implement a comprehensive waste management process from procurement to disposal. Our commitment extends beyond social media posts, ensuring proper waste disposal without leaving a trace. It starts from what we buy, to what we carry on the trek to what we bring back.

  • Low Impact on Ecology

    Our commitment to smaller group sizes, eco-friendly methodologies, waste management practices, zero tolerance for fixed camps, and utilizing natural resources in the required quantity minimize our impact on the ecology, allowing for sustainable and responsible treks.

  • Boosting Microeconomy

    As part of our commitment to supporting local communities, we hire local resources and make all non-equipment and trek leader-related purchases locally. By doing so, we contribute to the growth of the microeconomy in the regions we operate. We wish to do more of it in the future.

Chasing Dreams And Creating Lifetime Memories

For 10+ years

                                       
© All Rights Reserved, 2014 - 2024

HIMALAYAN HIGH ALTITUDE TREKS AND EXPEDITIONS (OPC) PRIVATE LIMITED

We are ecologically sustainable and low-impact trekking company in India working in the range of 3500 to 7500 meters only

We only organize lesser done, uncrowded, customizable & personalized, small-group private trekking tours in the himalayas of India, Nepal and Bhutan

 +91 8017216725

 +91 9434062849


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We are proudly recognized by

adventure Tour operator association of india recognition incredible india recognition indian mountaineering foundation recognition west bengal tourism development recognition

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Atithi Devo Bhava!